【踩坑】利用四叶草安装并引导多系统

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前言

利用四叶草安装并引导多系统

安装前的预算

  • 因为仅作为实验用，而不用于办公，所以硬盘分配较小
安装顺序 系统 硬盘分配大小
1 MacOS 128G
2 Windows8 128G
3 Ubuntu 64G
4 CentOS 64G

准备工作

  • 8G以上的用于烧录各种系统安装盘的U盘

  • 制作好大白菜系统维护盘的U盘（WindowsPE）

  • 额外的可以开机联网查资料的电脑

  • 四叶草配置文件

config.plist
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
  <key>#Comment</key>
  <string>This file is for 10.12.6+ with native KabyLake support</string>
  <key>ACPI</key>
  <dict>
    <key>#Comment-SortedOrder</key>
    <string>SortedOrder required if you have patched SSDTs in ACPI/patched</string>
    <key>#DropTables</key>
    <array>
      <dict>
        <key>Signature</key>
        <string>MCFG</string>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Signature</key>
        <string>DMAR</string>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Signature</key>
        <string>SSDT</string>
        <key>TableId</key>
        <string>xh_rvp10</string>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Signature</key>
        <string>SSDT</string>
        <key>TableId</key>
        <string>CpuPm</string>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Signature</key>
        <string>SSDT</string>
        <key>TableId</key>
        <string>Cpu0Cst</string>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Signature</key>
        <string>SSDT</string>
        <key>TableId</key>
        <string>Cpu0Ist</string>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Signature</key>
        <string>SSDT</string>
        <key>TableId</key>
        <string>ApCst</string>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Signature</key>
        <string>SSDT</string>
        <key>TableId</key>
        <string>ApIst</string>
      </dict>
    </array>
    <key>#SortedOrder</key>
    <array>
      <string>SSDT.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-0.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-1.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-2.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-3.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-4.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-5.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-6.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-7.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-8.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-9.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-10.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-11.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-12.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-13.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-14.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-15.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-16.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-17.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-18.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-19.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-XOSI.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-LPC.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-UIAC.aml</string>
      <string>SSDT-PNLF.aml</string>
    </array>
    <key>AutoMerge</key>
    <false/>
    <key>DSDT</key>
    <dict>
      <key>Fixes</key>
      <dict>
        <key>#Comment-IRQ Fix</key>
        <string>The following fixes may be needed for onboard audio/USB/etc</string>
        <key>FixHPET</key>
        <true/>
        <key>FixIPIC</key>
        <true/>
        <key>FixRTC</key>
        <true/>
        <key>FixRegions</key>
        <true/>
        <key>FixShutdown</key>
        <true/>
        <key>FixTMR</key>
        <true/>
      </dict>
      <key>Patches</key>
      <array>
        <dict>
          <key>Comment</key>
          <string>change EC0 to EC</string>
          <key>Disabled</key>
          <false/>
          <key>Find</key>
          <data>
          RUMwXw==
          </data>
          <key>Replace</key>
          <data>
          RUNfXw==
          </data>
        </dict>
        <dict>
          <key>Comment</key>
          <string>change H_EC to EC</string>
          <key>Disabled</key>
          <false/>
          <key>Find</key>
          <data>
          SF9FQw==
          </data>
          <key>Replace</key>
          <data>
          RUNfXw==
          </data>
        </dict>
        <dict>
          <key>Comment</key>
          <string>change ECDV to EC</string>
          <key>Disabled</key>
          <false/>
          <key>Find</key>
          <data>
          RUNEVg==
          </data>
          <key>Replace</key>
          <data>
          RUNfXw==
          </data>
        </dict>
        <dict>
          <key>Comment</key>
          <string>Fix AsRock Z390 BIOS DSDT Device(RTC) bug</string>
          <key>Disabled</key>
          <false/>
          <key>Find</key>
          <data>
          oAqTU1RBUwE=
          </data>
          <key>Replace</key>
          <data>
          oAqRCv8L//8=
          </data>
        </dict>
        <dict>
          <key>Comment</key>
          <string>change _OSI to XOSI</string>
          <key>Disabled</key>
          <false/>
          <key>Find</key>
          <data>
          X09TSQ==
          </data>
          <key>Replace</key>
          <data>
          WE9TSQ==
          </data>
        </dict>
      </array>
    </dict>
    <key>DropTables</key>
    <array>
      <dict>
        <key>Signature</key>
        <string>DMAR</string>
      </dict>
    </array>
    <key>FixHeaders</key>
    <false/>
    <key>FixMCFG</key>
    <false/>
    <key>HaltEnabler</key>
    <true/>
    <key>SSDT</key>
    <dict>
      <key>DropOem</key>
      <false/>
      <key>EnableC6</key>
      <false/>
      <key>EnableC7</key>
      <false/>
      <key>Generate</key>
      <dict>
        <key>APLF</key>
        <false/>
        <key>APSN</key>
        <false/>
        <key>CStates</key>
        <false/>
        <key>PStates</key>
        <false/>
        <key>PluginType</key>
        <true/>
      </dict>
    </dict>
  </dict>
  <key>Boot</key>
  <dict>
    <key>Arguments</key>
    <string>-v debug=0x100 dart=0 keepsyms=1 -no_compat_check slide=0 -lilubetaall</string>
    <key>CustomLogo</key>
    <string>Apple</string>
    <key>DefaultVolume</key>
    <string>LastBootedVolume</string>
    <key>Legacy</key>
    <string>LegacyBiosDefault</string>
    <key>Log</key>
    <false/>
    <key>NeverHibernate</key>
    <true/>
    <key>NoEarlyProgress</key>
    <true/>
    <key>Secure</key>
    <false/>
    <key>Timeout</key>
    <integer>5</integer>
    <key>XMPDetection</key>
    <string>Yes</string>
  </dict>
  <key>CPU</key>
  <dict>
    <key>UseARTFrequency</key>
    <false/>
  </dict>
  <key>Devices</key>
  <dict>
    <key>Audio</key>
    <dict>
      <key>AFGLowPowerState</key>
      <false/>
      <key>Inject</key>
      <string>No</string>
      <key>ResetHDA</key>
      <false/>
    </dict>
    <key>LANInjection</key>
    <false/>
    <key>Properties</key>
    <dict>
      <key>PciRoot(0)/Pci(0x02,0)</key>
      <dict>
        <key>disable-external-gpu</key>
        <data>
        AQAAAA==
        </data>
        <key>framebuffer-fbmem</key>
        <data>
        AACQAA==
        </data>
        <key>framebuffer-patch-enable</key>
        <integer>1</integer>
        <key>framebuffer-stolenmem</key>
        <data>
        AAAwAQ==
        </data>
      </dict>
    </dict>
    <key>SetIntelBacklight</key>
    <false/>
    <key>SetIntelMaxBacklight</key>
    <false/>
    <key>USB</key>
    <dict>
      <key>AddClockID</key>
      <true/>
      <key>FixOwnership</key>
      <true/>
      <key>HighCurrent</key>
      <false/>
    </dict>
    <key>UseIntelHDMI</key>
    <false/>
  </dict>
  <key>GUI</key>
  <dict>
    <key>#ScreenResolution</key>
    <string>1920x1080</string>
    <key>Custom</key>
    <dict>
      <key>Entries</key>
      <array>
        <dict>
          <key>Disabled</key>
          <false/>
          <key>FullTitle</key>
          <string>UEFI internal</string>
          <key>Hidden</key>
          <string>Always</string>
          <key>Ignore</key>
          <false/>
          <key>NoCaches</key>
          <false/>
          <key>Type</key>
          <string>Other</string>
        </dict>
        <dict>
          <key>Disabled</key>
          <false/>
          <key>Ignore</key>
          <false/>
          <key>Path</key>
          <string>\EFI\centos\grubx64.efi</string>
          <key>Title</key>
          <string>CentOS</string>
          <key>VolumeType</key>
          <string>Internal</string>
        </dict>
        <dict>
          <key>Disabled</key>
          <false/>
          <key>Ignore</key>
          <false/>
          <key>Path</key>
          <string>\EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi</string>
          <key>Title</key>
          <string>Ubuntu</string>
          <key>VolumeType</key>
          <string>Internal</string>
        </dict>
      </array>
    </dict>
    <key>Hide</key>
    <array>
      <string>Preboot</string>
      <string>Recovery</string>
      <string>Windows</string>
    </array>
    <key>Mouse</key>
    <dict>
      <key>Enabled</key>
      <false/>
    </dict>
    <key>Scan</key>
    <dict>
      <key>Entries</key>
      <true/>
      <key>Legacy</key>
      <false/>
      <key>Linux</key>
      <false/>
      <key>Tool</key>
      <true/>
    </dict>
    <key>Theme</key>
    <string>Catalina</string>
  </dict>
  <key>Graphics</key>
  <dict>
    <key>EDID</key>
    <dict>
      <key>Inject</key>
      <false/>
    </dict>
    <key>Inject</key>
    <dict>
      <key>ATI</key>
      <false/>
      <key>Intel</key>
      <false/>
      <key>NVidia</key>
      <false/>
    </dict>
  </dict>
  <key>KernelAndKextPatches</key>
  <dict>
    <key>AppleIntelCPUPM</key>
    <true/>
    <key>AppleRTC</key>
    <true/>
    <key>DellSMBIOSPatch</key>
    <false/>
    <key>ForceKextsToLoad</key>
    <array>
      <string>\System\Library\Extensions\IONetworkingFamily.kext</string>
    </array>
    <key>KernelCpu</key>
    <false/>
    <key>KernelLapic</key>
    <false/>
    <key>KernelPm</key>
    <true/>
    <key>KernelToPatch</key>
    <array>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>MSR 0xE2 _xcpm_idle instant reboot(c) Pike R. Alpha</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        ILniAAAADzA=
        </data>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        ILniAAAAkJA=
        </data>
      </dict>
    </array>
    <key>KextsToPatch</key>
    <array>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>DVMT for AppleIntelBDWGraphicsFramebuffer (Credits DalianSky) for 10.14.x</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        dkBI/wU=
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <false/>
        <key>MatchOS</key>
        <string>10.14.x</string>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>AppleIntelBDWGraphicsFramebuffer</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        60BI/wU=
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>DVMT for AppleIntelSKLGraphicsFramebuffer (Credits DalianSky) for 10.14.x</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        dkBI/wU=
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <false/>
        <key>MatchOS</key>
        <string>10.14.x</string>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>AppleIntelSKLGraphicsFramebuffer</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        60BI/wU=
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>DVMT for AppleIntelKBLGraphicsFramebuffer (Credits DalianSky) for 10.14.x</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        dkZI/wU=
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <false/>
        <key>MatchOS</key>
        <string>10.14.x</string>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>AppleIntelKBLGraphicsFramebuffer</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        60ZI/wU=
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>DVMT for AppleIntelCFLGraphicsFramebuffer (Credits DalianSky) for 10.14.x</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        dkBI/wU=
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <false/>
        <key>MatchOS</key>
        <string>10.14.x</string>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>AppleIntelCFLGraphicsFramebuffer</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        60BI/wU=
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>DVMT for AppleIntelCFLGraphicsFramebuffer (Credits DalianSky) for 10.14.x</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        dkZI/wU=
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <false/>
        <key>MatchOS</key>
        <string>10.14.x</string>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>AppleIntelCFLGraphicsFramebuffer</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        60ZI/wU=
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>Disable AppleIntelLpssI2C (credit by Coolstar)</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        SU9LaXQ=
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <true/>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>AppleIntelLpssI2C</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        SU9LaXM=
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>Disable AppleIntelLpssI2CCOntroller (credit by Coolstar)</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        SU9LaXQ=
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <true/>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>AppleIntelLpssI2CController</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        SU9LaXM=
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>disable IOBufferCopyController (Credit by DalianSky)</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        SU9LaXQ=
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <true/>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>IOBufferCopyController</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        SU9LaXM=
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>10.13.x USB Port Limit Patch</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        g32UDw+DlwQAAA==
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <false/>
        <key>MatchOS</key>
        <string>10.13.4,10.13.5</string>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>com.apple.driver.usb.AppleUSBXHCI</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        g32UGpCQkJCQkA==
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>USB 10.13.6 by PMHeart</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        g32IDw+DpwQAAA==
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <false/>
        <key>MatchOS</key>
        <string>10.13.6</string>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>com.apple.driver.usb.AppleUSBXHCI</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        g32ID5CQkJCQkA==
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>USB Port limit patch 10.14.x 10.15.x #1 modify by DalianSky(credits PMheart)</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        g/sPDw==
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>com.apple.iokit.IOUSBHostFamily</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        g/s/Dw==
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>USB port limit patch 10.14.x modify by DalianSky(credit PMHeart)</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        g+MP0w==
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>com.apple.iokit.IOUSBHostFamily</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        g+M/0w==
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>USB Port limit patch 10.15.x #1 modify by DalianSky</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        g/kPDw==
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>com.apple.driver.usb.AppleUSBXHCI</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        g/k/Dw==
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>USB Port limit patch 10.14.x modify by DalianSky(credits PMheart)</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        g/sPDw==
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>com.apple.driver.usb.AppleUSBXHCI</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        g/s/Dw==
        </data>
      </dict>
      <dict>
        <key>Comment</key>
        <string>USB Port limit patch 10.14.x modify by DalianSky(credits PMheart)</string>
        <key>Disabled</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Find</key>
        <data>
        g/8PDw==
        </data>
        <key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
        <false/>
        <key>Name</key>
        <string>com.apple.driver.usb.AppleUSBXHCI</string>
        <key>Replace</key>
        <data>
        g/8/Dw==
        </data>
      </dict>
    </array>
  </dict>
  <key>RtVariables</key>
  <dict>
    <key>BooterConfig</key>
    <string>0x28</string>
    <key>CsrActiveConfig</key>
    <string>0x67</string>
  </dict>
  <key>SMBIOS</key>
  <dict>
    <key>Mobile</key>
    <true/>
    <key>ProductName-Comment</key>
    <string>Using Haswell MacBookAir6,2 until Clover has support for KabyLake identifiers</string>
    <key>Trust</key>
    <false/>
  </dict>
  <key>SystemParameters</key>
  <dict>
    <key>#BacklightLevel</key>
    <integer>0</integer>
    <key>InjectKexts</key>
    <string>Detect</string>
    <key>InjectSystemID</key>
    <true/>
  </dict>
</dict>
</plist>

第一次分区

  • 插入系统维护U盘，进入WindowsPE系统，使用DiskGenius工具，全盘删除分区

  • 创建ESP分区，分区大小512M

其实可以分更小的区，我只是为了确保足够用

  • 创建NTFS分区128G用于安装黑苹果，保存并格式化

安装黑苹果

  • 首先安装黑苹果，是因为我使用的黑苹果安装包为懒人包（系统映像+四叶草引导），四叶草引导已经写入安装包，所以优先安装可以便于引导其他系统

  • 在上一个步骤分盘时，应分出128GNTFS格式的硬盘，然后进入MacOS实用工具，再使用实用工具格式化成MacOS（日志式）格式，不要直接使用DiskGenius分出128GMacOS（日志式）分区

传送门

  • 安装完成的第一件事就是将四叶草引导加入系统的EFI分区

传送门

第二次分区

  • 创建128G新分区，格式为NTFS，保存并格式化

安装Windows

  • 第二个安装的是Windows操作系统，我第一次实验的时候安装的Windows10，但由于中途研究其他系统时引导被自动替换，所以第二次实验的时候安装的Windows8

不是说Windows10不能成功，只是说我想尽可能多的多尝试新系统的安装，而后记录笔记

传送门

  • 安装完后，为了便于分盘操作，我下载了Windows UEFI版大白菜，使用了将WindowsPE系统安装在电脑上

事实上大白菜安装到系统后，并不是独立一个分区通过引导启动，而是融入Windows系统中，所以在引导到Windows启动之后，再选择大白菜进入PE系统

  • 此时四叶草的引导，不需要修改任何内容，仍然可以自动识别到黑苹果和Windows，为了安全起见，使用DiskGenius工具进入EFI分区，点击浏览文件，进入EFI文件夹，此时可以看到如下文件夹，将他们保存到U盘备份以防止覆盖

APPLE：MacOS的引导
BOOT：普通UEFI引导
CLOVER：四叶草引导
Microsoft：Windows的引导

第三次分区

  • 新建一个64G的分区，格式为ext4（或者仍然格式化为NTFS，等到安装Ubuntu的时候再重新格式化）

安装Ubuntu

传送门

  • 在安装类型阶段选择其他选项，至少设置一个挂在点为/根目录，格式为ext4

  • 安装Ubuntu成功后可能会遇到引导无效，进入PE，使用DiskGenius工具

  • 插入可存储文件的U盘（可以是大白菜U盘）

  • 找到四叶草的配置文件config.plist

/EFI分区/EFI文件夹/CLOVER/config.plist

  • 复制config.plist，拷贝到其他能正常使用的电脑上

  • 编辑config.plist，找到GUI关键字，修改内容案例如下

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
<key>GUI</key>
    <dict>
        <key>Theme</key>
        <string>SimpleThemeDark</string>
        <key>Custom</key>
        <dict>
            <key>Entries</key>
            <array>
                <dict>
                    <key>Disabled</key>
                    <false/>
                    <key>Ignore</key>
                    <false/>
                    <key>Path</key>
                    <string>\EFI\MICROSOFT\BOOT\BOOTMGFW.EFI</string>
                    <key>Title</key>
                    <string>Windows</string>
                    <key>Type</key>
                    <string>Windows</string>
                    <key>VolumeType</key>
                    <string>Internal</string>
                </dict>
            </array>
        </dict>
    </dict>
  • 复制<dict></dict>标签，修改<string></string>标签内容为ubuntu的EFI参数

\EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi

  • 将修改后的文件覆盖系统上的原文件

第四次分区

  • 创建64G新分区，格式为ext4

安装CentOS

传送门

  • 和Ubuntu大同小异，在安装目标位置步骤，在存储配置选项选择自定义，至少设置一个根目录的挂载点/，并且可以设置efi存放位置/boot/efi

  • 遇到的问题仍然是可能会出现EFI被覆盖，记得在安装前备份EFI分区的所有内容，安装过后修改四叶草的配置文件

完成

  • 此次多系统安装之旅告一段落，所有系统经测试均能正常使用，以上是最基本的4种操作系统（换句话说是3种操作系统，其中两个都是Linux系统，只不过所属类别不同，仍然有差异），更多的操作系统例如Red Hat，几乎是操作相同，所以仍然可以继续安装

  • 最后附上成功案例截图（使用的黑果小兵制作的四叶草中F10截图功能），希望大家都能折腾成功

参考文献

黑果小兵部落阁
Orcim的博客