【笔记】Apache学习笔记

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前言

Apache服务器Httpd学习笔记

MacOS

安装Apache

brew

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brew install apache2
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brew install httpd

启动停止重启服务

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brew services start httpd
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brew services stop httpd
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brew services restart httpd

默认主页存放位置

  • /opt/homebrew/var/www/

Linux

安装Apache

CentOS

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yum install httpd

启动停止重启服务

CentOS

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systemctl start httpd
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systemctl stop httpd

Debian

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service httpd start
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service httpd stop
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service httpd restart

默认主页存放位置

  • /var/www/html/

配置文件

缺省配置

MacOS缺省配置

/opt/homebrew/etc/httpd/httpd.conf
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ServerRoot "/opt/homebrew/opt/httpd"

Listen 8080

User _www
Group _www

DocumentRoot "/opt/homebrew/var/www"

Linux缺省配置

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.config
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ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

Listen 80

User apache
Group apache

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

所有配置

httpd.config
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# 工作目录
ServerRoot ""

# 默认端口
Listen 80

# 启动时使用的用户身份
User apache
Group apache

# 管理员邮箱
ServerAdmin [email protected]

# 站点根目录
DocumentRoot ""

# 引入其他子配置
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

容器配置

httpd.config
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# 相对于站点根目录的站点主页路径
DirectoryIndex index.html

<Directory "/var/www/html">
    # 是否允许在找不到主页的时候以目录的形式展现网页
    ## 允许
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    ## 不允许
    #Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

权限配置

允许所有
httpd.config
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DirectoryIndex index.html

<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    
    # 允许全部
    Require all granted
</Directory>
拒绝所有
httpd.config
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DirectoryIndex index.html

<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None

    <RequireALL>
        # 拒绝全部
        Require all denied
    <RequireALL>
</Directory>
允许部分（白名单）
通过IP进行筛选
httpd.config
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DirectoryIndex index.html

<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None

    <RequireALL>
        # 指定允许的IP
        Require ip 192.168.1.1
        # 其他的全部拒绝
        Require all denied
    <RequireALL>
</Directory>
通过域名进行筛选
httpd.config
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DirectoryIndex index.html

<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None

    <RequireALL>
        # 指定允许的域名
        Require host example.com
        # 其他的全部拒绝
        Require all denied
    <RequireALL>
</Directory>
拒绝部分（黑名单）
通过IP进行筛选
httpd.config
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DirectoryIndex index.html

<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None

    <RequireALL>
        # 指定允许的IP
        Require not ip 127.0.0.1
        # 其他的全部允许
        Require all granted
    <RequireALL>
</Directory>
通过域名进行筛选
httpd.config
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DirectoryIndex index.html

<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None

    <RequireALL>
        # 指定允许的域名
        Require not host example.com
        # 其他的全部允许
        Require all granted
    <RequireALL>
</Directory>

完成

参考文献

哔哩哔哩——千锋教育网络安全学院
CSDN——灵魂自由的忙人